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8. Parkinson’s Disease
Hi guys, so today we will be discussing about the Parkinson’s disease . What is Parkinson’s disease, Parkinson’s disease is a clinical syndrome which is characterized primarily by Bradykinesia along with increased rigidity , tremors and loss of postural cycles . The average age of onset is about 60 years . Fewer than 5% of the patients are below each 40.
Genetic factors can be recognized . Monogenic Parkinson’s disease can be observed during mutations in SNCA.
Now what are the clinical features of Parkinson’s disease?
Reduction in sense of smell which is also called hyposmia, Anxiety , depression, sleep behavioral , increasingly small handwriting, difficulty tying shoelaces and buttoning clothes, tremor , rigidity.
Tremor may not be present in 20% of the patients.
Now let us come to the management , Levodopa is considered as the most effective drugs. So why is that? It is considered as the most effective drugs because it is considered as the precursor of dopamine , only a most amount reaches the brain most effective for treating akinesia and rigidity.
Now what are the adverse effect?
. Postural hypotension
.vomiting
. Nausea and trigger hallucinations
The second management is dopamine receptor agonist and the example is Apomorphine , it can be delivered orally , sublingually , subcutaneously and trans dermally .
The third management is MAO inhibitors , also called Monoamine oxidase type three inhibitors. The examples are Selegiline and Rasagiline which facilitates the breakdown of excess dopamine.
The fourth one is COMT inhibitors which is also called Catechol o methyl transferase. The drugs are Entacapone and Tolcapone .
The other drug managements are Amantadine and Anticholinergic drugs . The examples of Anticholinergic drugs are Trihexyphenidyl and orphenadrine . Now let us know about the surgical methods. The first one is Destructive neurosurgery , the second one is stereotactic surgery which involves deep brain stimulation.
Third one is MRI guided ultrasound talectomy is relatively a new treatment for tremor. The last form of management ; which is physiotherapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy. Speech therapy is given to improve communication. Occupational therapist can provide equipment to overcome functional limitations such as rails for stairs and the toilet . this is all about the Parkinson’s disease. See you in the next video. Thank you!
