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30. Microcephaly
Hi guys I am back with another video , in this video we will be discussing about the abnormalities of head size and shape , so of course they’re of two types : if the head circumference is smaller than as usual then that is Microcephaly ; if the head size is larger than as usual than that is Macrocephaly . Now let us know in details about Microcephaly in this video , so what is the definition? If the head circumference is less than _3 standard deviation , then this is called Microcephaly. Microcephaly can be further divided into two types : one is primary microcephaly and another is secondary microcephaly . Now what are the etiology or causes of primary microcephaly, let us come to know more about it , causes can be of two types : one is genetic causes and the other one is structural. The causes are Patau syndrome that is here the trisomy will be 13, Edward syndrome with trisomy 18, microcephaly , congenital heart disease .
Now let us come to know about the second etiology that is structural causes: schizencephaly , lissencephaly, polymicrogyria. Now let us come to know about the etiology of secondary microcephaly . What are they ? So they’re alcohol intake , smoking , drug intake , radiation exposure ( maternal causes). Severe malnutrition in the baby, inborn errors of metabolism like phenylketonuria.
So this is all about microcephaly, see you in the next video , thank you !
